با همکاری انجمن هیدرولیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان،ایران.

2 استاد گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، گرگان، ایران.

10.22077/jaaq.2024.8149.1077

چکیده

حدود ۷۰ درصد بلایای جهانی به رویدادهای هیدرومتئورولوژیکی مرتبط هستند. سیلها یکی از بزرگ ترین خطرات طبیعی برای توسعه پایدار بشمار میرود. این پدیده به دلیل عوامل اقلیمی و جمعیتی در حال وخیم‌تر شدن است. چارچوب مدیریت جامع سیل دو دهه پیش توسعه یافت، تا روش‌هایی برای مقابله با این مشکلات فراهم کند. این چارچوب با توجه به پیچیدگی‌ها و نیازهای چندجانبه، به عنوان یک ابزار اساسی برای کاهش خطرات سیل و افزایش تاب‌آوری جوامع در برابر این خطرات شناخته می‌شود. در این چارچوب، همکاری‌های چندجانبه، توسعه ظرفیت‌ها و پیشرفت‌های فناوری ضروری است. مطالعه حاضر به مرور مدیریت جامع سیل در ایران و بیان چالشهای موجود میپردازد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی-مروری میباشد، که ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات، اسناد و مدارک مرتبط با موضوع است. در واقع، مدیریت جامع سیل یک فلسفه برای توسعه یکپارچه منابع آب است، که هدف آن به حداکثر رساندن منافع خالص در مناطق سیل‌خیز و در عین حال کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیل است. مدیریت جامع سیل در ایران بر اساس قانون توزیع عادلانه آب و آیین‌نامه‌های مرتبط اجرا می‌شود، اما وظایف دستگاه‌های اجرایی فاقد انسجام لازم است. نظامنامه سیل وزارت نیرو، به‌عنوان سندی جامع، اقداماتی را به منظور مدیریت سیل در مراحل پیش و پس از وقوع مشخص کرده است، اما هنوز بسیاری از اقدامات کلیدی مانند سامانه‌های پایش و هشدار سیل بطور مؤثر عملیاتی نشده‌اند. مشارکت همه‌جانبه و رویکرد یکپارچه در تدوین برنامه‌های مدیریت سیل ضروری است، تا ضمن جلوگیری از انتقال مشکلات به مناطق دیگر، از سیلاب‌ها به‌عنوان فرصتی برای توسعه پایدار استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An overview of integrated flood management in Iran: current status and challenge

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reyhaneh Khajehnejad 1
  • Abdolreza Bahremand 2
  • Maryam Mohammadrezaei 3

1 Master student in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Professor of Watershed Management Department, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 PhD student in watershed management, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

About 70% of global disasters are related to hydrometeorological events, with floods being one of the most significant natural risks to sustainable development. This issue is worsening due to both climatic and population factors. The Integrated Flood Management Framework was developed two decades ago to provide methods for addressing these challenges. Given the complexities and diverse needs involved, this framework is recognized as a key tool for reducing flood risks and enhancing community resilience. Multilateral cooperation, capacity development, and technological advancements are essential within this framework.

The present study reviews Integrated Flood Management in Iran and outlines the existing challenges. The research method is descriptive-review, which is used for collecting relevant information and documents. Integrated Flood Management is a philosophy centered on the integrated development of water resources, aiming to maximize net benefits in flood-prone areas while minimizing flood-related damage. In Iran, Integrated Flood Management is implemented based on the Law of Fair Distribution of Water and related regulations. However, the responsibilities of executive bodies often lack the necessary coherence.

The flood regulations issued by the Ministry of Power, as a comprehensive document, specify measures for managing floods in both pre- and post-occurrence stages. However, many key measures, such as flood monitoring and warning systems, have not yet been effectively implemented. Broad participation and an integrated approach are crucial in developing flood management plans. These strategies help to leverage floods as opportunities for sustainable development. Additionally, they reduce the risk of transferring issues to other areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • flood
  • flood risk
  • Integrated flood management
  • risk management
  • water resources
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