با همکاری انجمن هیدرولیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

کارشناس ارشد مؤسسه پژوهشهای برنامهریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران.

10.22077/jaaq.2024.7388.1068

چکیده

بخش آب و کشاورزی به‌شدت تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرارگرفته است. در این راستا، تلاش‌های بین‌المللی متعددی با مشارکت کشورهای مختلف صورت پذیرفته است. این تلاش‌ها با تعیین مسئولیت‌های مشترک بین‌المللی، کشورها را به اتخاذ تدابیر مختلف در جهت اجرای تعهداتشان تشویق کرده است. در این پژوهش، با بهره گیری از روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روش تحقیق کیفی قوانین بخش‌های آب و کشاورزی 14 کشور منتخب استخراج و تجزیه و تحلیل گردید نتایج نشان می‌دهدکه کشورهای توسعه‌یافته نسبت به کشورهای درحال‌توسعه زودتر اقدام به تدوین قوانین کرده‌اند و از نظر کمی نیز تعداد بیشتری از قوانین در این کشورها تصویب‌شده است. در فاصله سال‌های 2009 تا 2014 اوج این قانون‌گذاری بوده و از سال 2016 با توجه به اینکه اکثر کشورها حداقل چارچوب‌های ابتدایی را دارا بوده‌اند؛ این روند کاهشی شده است. کشورهای کره جنوبی، آلمان، بریتانیا و ژاپن در زمینه قاعده‌گذاری اقلیمی پیشروتر از سایر کشورها بوده‌اند. با توجه به مطالب ذکر شده پیشنهاد می‌گردد برای تأمین امنیت غذایی و اقتصادی، حفظ منابع طبیعی و توسعه پایدار در مواجهه با تغییر اقلیم، یک قانون جامع تصویب شود که هر سه محور کاهش انتشار، سازگاری و مدیریت ریسک حوادث طبیعی را پوشش دهد و به رشد و پایداری بخش کشاورزی کمک کند و از طرفی قوانین موجود مورد بررسی و واکاوی قرار گرفته و برای شرایط امروزی و چالش‌های تغییر اقلیمی به‌روزرسانی گردند. نیاز به اصلاح قوانین موجود به‌منظور تطابق با چالش‌های جدید تغییر اقلیمی بسیار ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of climate change laws in the agricultural and water sectors in selected countries and providing policy recommendations

نویسنده [English]

  • Masoumeh Fakhri

Senior, Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

water and agriculture sector, has faced significant impacts from climate change. Various international treaties have been introduced involving multiple countries to urge them to fulfill their obligations by defining common international responsibilities. In this research, using the research method, based on the qualitative research method, the laws of the water and agriculture sectors of 14 selected countries are analyzed and the results are shown. developed countries have generally enacted laws earlier than developing ones, with a higher quantity of legislation passed. The peak of legislative activity was observed between 2009 and 2014, but since 2016, the trend has declined as most countries have established basic regulatory frameworks. South Korea, Germany, the UK, and Japan have shown greater advancement in the field of climate regulation compared to other countries. To ensure food and economic security, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable development in the face of climate change, it is recommended to enact comprehensive legislation covering mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk management. Additionally, existing laws should be revised and updated to address today's conditions and climate challenges effectively. The need to amend the existing laws to adapt to the new challenges of climate change is imperative.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • climate change
  • emissions reduction
  • natural disaster risk management
  • global climate change law database
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