آبخوان و قنات
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تحلیل ساختمان و تعیین حوضه آبگیر قنات ثلاثه گناباد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عاطفه جعفرزاده 1
یوسف رمضانی 2
حجت میرانی مقدم 3

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سازه‌های آبی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

3 دکترای هیدروژئولوژی، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22077/jaaq.2025.10084.1125
چکیده
یکی از منحصر به فردترین قنات‌های دشت گناباد، قنات ثلاثه است. قناتی که دارای یک مادرچاه و منطقه تره‌کار بوده و به سمت پایین دست به 3 رشته تقسیم می‌گردد. هدف این تحقیق، مطالعه ساختمان و تعیین حدود حوضه آبگیر قنات است. به این منظور بر اساس تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و پیمایش‌های صحرایی، مسیر رشته‌های قنات در دشت شناسایی و ترسیم شد. همچنین با استفاده از نقشه‌های توپوگرافی منطقه، اندازه‌گیری‌ شیب کوره قنات و اطلاعات سطح آب چاه‌های مشاهده‌ای دشت، عمق مادرچاه رشته اصلی و فرعی برآورد و طول قسمت آبگون قنات برآورد گردید. در نهایت با توجه به طول بخش تره‌کار قنات و مسیر تره‌کار قنات‌های اطراف، هیدروژئولوژی و هیدرولوژی بالادست قنات، حدود حوضه آبگیر قنات تعیین شد. قنات دارای سه رشته اصلی و یک رشته فرعی به طول کلی 36 کیلومتر و 514 حلقه چاه است. عمق مادرچاه رشته اصلی و فرعی به ترتیب حدود 135 و 116 متر برآورد گردید. عمق سطح آب زیرزمینی در محل مادرچاه‌ رشته‌ اصلی 131 متر و در محل مادرچاه رشته فرعی حدود 119 متر برآورد گردید بنابراین رشته فرعی چندین سال است که خشک شده است. قسمت آبگون قنات حدود 550 متر و وسعت حوضه آبگیر آن حدود 43 کیلومترمربع برآورد گردید. با افت سطح آب زیرزمینی در دشت و کاهش طول تره‌کار قنات، آبدهی آن در آینده کاهش خواهد یافت. لذا برای جلوگیری از این موضوع، علاوه بر کنترل برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی و اجرای طرح های تغذیه مصنوعی آبخوان، ادامه پیشکار قنات پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبگون
حوضه آبگیر
قنات
مادرچاه
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Structure analysis and determination of catchment area of Gonabad Salaseh Qanat

نویسندگان English

Atefeh Jafarzadeh 1
Yousef Ramezani 2
Hojat Mirani Moghadam 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Water Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
3 Ph.D. of Hydrogeology, Khorasan Razavi Regional Water Authority, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده English

One of the most unique qanats in the Gonabad plain is the Salaseh Qanat. It is a qanat that has a mother well and one water bearing zone is divided into 3 branches downstream. The aim of this research is to study the structure and determine the qanat catchment boundaries. For this purpose, based on satellite images and field surveys, the path of qanat’s branches in the plain was identified and mapped. Also, using topographic maps of the region, measuring the slope of the qanat tunnel, and water level data from observation wells in the plain, the depth of the mother wells of main and subsidiary branches of the qanat was estimated, and the length of the water-bearing zone of the qanat was determined. Finally, considering the length of the qanat's water bearing zone and the water bearing zone of the surrounding qanats, the hydrogeology and hydrology upstream of the qanat, the boundaries of the qanat's catchment were determined. The qanat has three main branches and one secondary branch with a total length of 36 kilometers and 514 wells. The depth of the mother wells of main and subsidiary branches of the qanat were estimated about 135 and 116 meters, respectively. The depth of the groundwater level at the main branche’s mother well was estimated to be 131 meters and at the subsidiary branch’s mother well at about 119 meters, which indicates that the subsidiary branch has been dry for several years.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Catchment
Mother well
Qanat
Water bearing
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آبخوان و قنات
دوره 6، شماره 2
آذر 1404
صفحه 61-76

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