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تحلیل نقش عوامل توپوگرافی در استقرار مکانی سازه‌های آبی سنتی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان خوسف)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه باستانشناسی دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه باستانشناسی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران .

10.22077/jaaq.2025.9940.1121

چکیده

با توجه به قرارگیری مناطق مرکزی ایران در اقلیم گرم و خشک، تأمین آب مورد نیاز برای شرب و کشاورزی همواره یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی ساکنین این نواحی بوده است. بر این اساس مردمان در مرکز ایران همواره در تلاش بودند تا با انجام اقداماتی آب مورد نیازشان را تأمین کنند. این اقدامات در طول تاریخ، نه‌تنها در راستای مدیریت آب‌های زیرزمینی، بلکه در بعضی از نواحی مرکزی، در جهت استفاده بهینه از آب‌های سطحی نیز به انجام رسیده است. شهرستان خوسف در استان خراسان جنوبی، یکی از مناطقی است که ساکنین آن در جهت کنترل و مدیریت آب‌های سطحی ناشی از باران، با ایجاد سازه‌هایی هم‌چون بندسار و آب‌انبار در مسیر جریانات سطحی، تلاش کردند تا آب مورد نیاز برای کشاورزی و شرب را از این طریق تأمین نمایند. بر این اساس در این پژوهش تلاش شد تا با شناسایی این سازه‌ها از طریق بررسی میدانی منطقه و تحلیل لایه‌های توپوگرافی در محیط GIS، درک بهتری از چگونگی جایابی این سازه‌ها و در نتیجه کنترل و مدیریت آب‌های سطحی حاصل گردد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که این سازه‌ها بر اساس توپوگرافی و عوارض طبیعی منطقه به گونه‌ای جایابی شده بودند که امکان استفاده بهینه از آب‌های سطحی را در یک سطح مطلوب فراهم نماید. بر این اساس بندسارها به دور از مراکز سکونتی و در ارتفاعات بالاتر و نزدیک به مخروطه افکنه‌ها؛ و آب‌انبارها در ارتفاعات پایین‌تر و نزدیک به مراکز سکونتی ایجاد شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the role of topographic factors in the spatial location of traditional water structures (Case study: Khusf County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Azizi 1
  • Hossein Sedighian 2
  • Ahmad Hatami 3

1 Assistant professor in Archaeology, Jiroft University, Jiroft, Iran.

2 Assistant professor in Archaeology, Lorestan University, Khoram-Abad, Iran.

3 PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The central regions of Iran, located within arid and semi-arid climatic zones, have historically faced significant challenges in securing adequate water resources for both domestic consumption and agriculture. Consequently, the inhabitants of these areas developed a variety of adaptive strategies to ensure water availability. Over time, these strategies encompassed not only the management of groundwater resources but, in certain localities, the efficient harnessing of surface water as well. Khusf County, situated in southern Khorasan, provides a remarkable case study in this regard. Here, local communities constructed hydraulic installations such as bandsars (earthen dams) and cisterns (āb-anbārs) along the paths of seasonal runoff, thereby securing water for irrigation and drinking purposes. This research, based on systematic archaeological surveys combined with topographic analysis in a GIS environment, seeks to identify these structures and to elucidate their spatial distribution and functional role in surface water management. The findings indicate that the placement of these hydraulic features was closely aligned with the region’s topography and natural landscape, ensuring optimal utilization of surface water resources. Specifically, bandsars were constructed at higher elevations and in proximity to alluvial fans, typically away from settlement centers, while cisterns were positioned at lower elevations near residential areas. The siting of cisterns on steeper slopes facilitated the rapid conveyance of water with minimal sediment deposition, whereas bandsars were placed on gentler slopes where reduced water velocity enabled both the accumulation of water and limited sedimentation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Surface water management systems
  • Bandsar
  • Cistern (Āb-anbār)
  • GIS
  • Khusf
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آبخوان و قنات
دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 10
شهریور 1404
صفحه 131-148
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هم رسانی
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