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آلودگی نیتراته آبخوان شهری ایذه: خطرات زیستی و مدیریت محلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

3 گروه زمین شناسی معدنی و آب، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 مهندسین مشاور کمیاب گستر جنوب، اهواز، ایران

10.22077/jaaq.2025.9299.1111

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی وضعیت هیدروشیمی و آلودگی نیتراته آبخوان شهری ایذه انجام شد. با توجه به عدم وجود شبکه جمع‌آوری فاضلاب و نفوذ فاضلاب شهری از طریق چاه‌های جذبی به آبخوان، همراه با فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، تعیین کیفیت آب و ریسک‌های بهداشتی ناشی از نیترات از اهداف اصلی این مطالعه بود. از ۹ حلقه چاه بهره‌برداری آب در ۶ دوره نمونه‌برداری (آذر ۱۴۰۲ تا آبان ۱۴۰۳) نمونه‌برداری شد. پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی شامل هدایت الکتریکی، یون‌های اصلی، نیترات، نیتریت، آمونیوم، COD، BOD و pH مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. با استفاده از نمودارهای دورو، گیبس و نمایه کلروآلکالین، سازوکارهای کنترل‌کننده شیمی آب بررسی شد. شاخص کیفیت آب (CCMEWQI) برای ارزیابی کیفیت آب در مصارف مختلف، شاخص خطر سلامتی (HQ) برای گروه‌های سنی مختلف (نوزادان، کودکان، نوجوانان، بزرگسالان) بر اساس مواجهه با نیترات تعیین، و شاخص آلودگی نیترات (NPI) برای بررسی شدت آلودگی و توزیع مکانی نیترات استفاده شد.شاخص WQI مشخص نمود که کیفیت آب برای مصارف آشامیدنی و کشاورزی در محدوده خوب تا عالی است. میانگین نیترات نمونه‌های آب برداشت شده در آبخوان شهری ایذه (۵۳.۳۵ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، از حد مجاز (۵۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) فراتر بود. 39 درصدنمونه‌ها دارای NPI>1.5 (آلوده) و 20 درصد در آستانه بحرانی (NPI=0.75–1.5) بودند.در ۵۴ درصد نمونه‌ها برای نوزادان و ۴۶ درصد برای کودکان، شاخص HQ > 1 بود. در نهایت راهکارهایی جهت کاهش غلظت نیترات در آب زیرزمینی شهر ایذه پیشنهاد گردید، و پیشگیری از نفوذ آلاینده‌ها به‌عنوان راهکار کلیدی برای حفظ کیفیت آبخوان ضروری دانسته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrate Pollution of the Izeh Urban Aquifer: Health Risks and Local Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mehrabinejad 1
  • Nasrollah Kalantari 2
  • Farshad Alijani 3
  • Seyede Fatemeh Mousavi 4
  • Hadi Mohammadi 1

1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

3 Department of Mineral and Ground Water Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4 Consultant Engineers of Kamyab Gostar Jonoub, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to assess the hydrochemical status and nitrate contamination of the urban aquifer in Izeh. Given the lack of a sewage collection system and the infiltration of urban wastewater through absorption wells, coupled with agricultural activities, the study primarily aimed to determine water quality and health risks associated with nitrate. Water samples were collected from nine operational water wells during six sampling periods (December 2023 to November 2024), analyzing physicochemical parameters including electrical conductivity, major ions, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, COD, BOD, and pH. Hydrochemical controls were evaluated using Durov and Gibbs diagrams and the chloro-alkaline index. The Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI) assessed suitability for various uses, the Health Risk Index (HQ) determined nitrate exposure risks for different age groups (infants, children, adolescents, adults), and the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI) evaluated contamination severity and spatial distribution. Results revealed that groundwater was predominantly calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type, with reverse sodium-calcium ion exchange. The WQI indicated "good to excellent" quality for drinking and agricultural uses, though reduced quality was observed in southern areas. The mean nitrate concentration (53.35 mg/L) exceeded the permissible limit (50 mg/L), with 39% of samples contaminated (NPI>1.5) and 20% at critical levels (NPI=0.75–1.5). Nitrate plumes were concentrated near the southern karst aquifer and expanded seasonally with rainfall. Health risks (HQ>1) were identified in 54% of samples for infants, 46% for children, and 39% for adults. Mitigation strategies were proposed to reduce groundwater nitrate levels, emphasizing pollutant infiltration prevention as essential for aquifer protection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • contamination
  • Water quality index
  • health risk assessment
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آبخوان و قنات
دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 9
اسفند 1403
صفحه 203-220
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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