Document Type : Original Article
Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Birjand
Abstract
The study of water exploitation technology and methods in the ancient civilizations of Elam and Mesopotamia from the second millennium to the end of the first millennium BC is a topic that can help to better understand the technical and social advances of these two great civilizations. In this study, we try to answerquestions such as how these civilizations were able to manage water resources.And what technologies and tools did they use to exploit water resources in social development?to be answered. . In this study, with a comparative and analytical approach, we have investigated the technologies and methods of water supply in that era.Through the study of architectural artifacts, clay tablets and other archaeological evidences, an attempt has been made to provide a clear picture of how water resources are managed to answer the research questions. The results of this study show that the technologies and methods of water resources management in the ancient civilizations of Elam and Mesopotamia indicate the significant advances of these civilizations in the field of engineering and management of natural resources.By using engineering knowledge and designing hydrological structures appropriate to geographical and environmental conditions, these civilizations were able not only tomake the best use of water resources, but also to ensure the survival of human populations in critical periods such as drought and floods.The study of architectural works, clay tablets, and other archaeological evidences indicates the high levelof awareness and ability of the engineers of that era in designing water supply systems and water management.
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